Colorado Springs City Code Chapter 7, Article 3, Section 105, A.2.b. Beehives:

2. Any structure or use that complies with the definition of an "accessory use" and the standards described below may be allowed. All accessory structures and uses shall comply with the use limitations applicable in the zoning district in which they are located. Accessory uses and structures include, but are not limited to, the following list of examples. The Manager will determine similar uses which are not listed but meet the definition and standards of an accessory use. This section does not apply to mobile home parks.
a. Antenna: Antennas, i.e., radio, television, CB and satellite dishes are allowed in any residential zone district.
b. Beehive(s):
(1) Properties Less Than Ten Thousand Square Feet: Properties that are less than ten thousand (10,000) square feet in area are permitted a maximum of two (2) beehives.
(2) Properties Between Ten Thousand Square Feet And One Acre: Properties that are between ten thousand (10,000) square feet and one acre in area are permitted a maximum of four (4) beehives.
(3) Properties Greater Than One Acre And Up To Five Acres: Properties that are greater than one acre but not more than five (5) acres in area are permitted the following:
(A) Up to two (2) acres a maximum of five (5) beehives.
(B) Over two (2) acres and up to three (3) acres a maximum of six (6) beehives.
(C) Over three (3) acres and up to four (4) acres a maximum of seven (7) beehives.
(D) Over four (4) acres and up to five (5) acres a maximum of eight (8) beehives.

(4) Properties Greater Than Five Acres: Properties that are greater than five (5) acres in area are permitted an unlimited number of beehives.
(5) Setbacks:
(A) On properties less than ten thousand (10,000) square feet in area, beehives must be a minimum of five feet (5') from the nearest side or rear property line, measured from the nearest point of the hive box to the property line, and may not be located within the front-yard setback.
(B) On properties between ten thousand (10,000) square feet and five (5) acres in area, beehives must be a minimum of fifteen feet (15') from the nearest side or rear property line, measured from the nearest point of the hive box to the property line, and may not be located within the front-yard setback.
(C) On properties that are more than five (5) acres in area, beehives must be a minimum of fifty feet (50') from the nearest property line, measured from the nearest point of the hive box to the property line.

(6) Flyway Barriers:
(A) A flyway barrier shall be installed within five feet (5') of the entrance of all beehives on properties of less than five (5) acres in area. No flyway barrier is required if the beehive(s) is located fifty feet (50') or more from any property line.
(B) A flyway barrier shall be a minimum of six feet (6') in height.
(C) A flyway barrier shall be located no further than five feet (5') from any beehive(s).
(D) A flyway barrier shall be constructed of an opaque fence or fast growing, dense evergreen vegetative material capable of reaching six feet (6') in height at maturity.
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(7) Fresh Water Supply: A fresh water supply shall be provided within five feet (5') of the beehive(s).

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This information is provided by Colorado Waterwise.

Attributes of good xeriscape education gardens include plant labels, interpretive materials like brochures and plant lists, hydrozoning, ease of public access, and availability of knowledgeable staff to provide interpretation. Feedback from visitors to the garden owners/managers is encouraged.
Plant Select® is another resource for learning about plants that thrive in Colorado, and most are xeric. Plant Select® showcase gardens across the West are listed at their website.

In Colorado, we're fortunate to have a wealth of xeriscape garden examples. Listed below are gardens along the Front Range. If you know of a garden that is not represented here, please contact Colorado Waterwise.


Aurora Water-wise Garden 15151 E. Alameda Pkwy., Aurora, CO 80012

Broomfield Xeriscape Demonstration Garden 1 DesCombes Dr., Broomfield, CO 80020

Colorado Springs: Mesa Xeriscape Demonstration Garden 2855 Mesa Rd., Colorado Springs, CO 80904

Colorado Springs: Cottonwood Creek Park Xeriscape Demonstration Garden 3920 Dublin Blvd., Colorado Springs, CO 80918

Fort Collins Xeriscape Demonstration Garden 300 Laporte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521

Fort Collins: The Gardens on Spring Creek 2145 Centre Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526

Greeley Water Conservation Garden 2503 Reservoir Rd., Greeley, CO 80631 

Loveland Service Center Xeriscape Garden 200 N. Wilson Ave., Loveland, CO 80537

Northern Water Conservation Gardens 220 Water Ave., Berthoud, CO 80513

Thornton: Margaret Carpenter Xeriscape Demonstration Garden 11151 Colorado Blvd., Thornton, CO 80233 

Thornton: Fire Station 5 14051 Colorado Blvd., Thornton, CO 80241

I was interviewed last month about designing green roofs and the green roof ordinance in Denver. This is a link to the finished article in Colorado Patio and Landscape magazine: coloradopatioandlandscape.com/design/sky-high-growth-what-landscapers-need-to-know-about-green-roofs/#.W_9qZS2ZMkg

Our native bees which are our best pollinators are endangered…Colorado wildflower meadows were once frequented by native bees but have now been developed into neighborhoods, shopping areas and the like. Snags where many of these bees nest are systematically removed for safety or aesthetic concerns, and to make way for development. And the few bees that can still manage to survive all this, now face pesticide dangers unless they can find safety in organic gardens. 

Homeowners can help by hosting these helpful pollinators in their yards by giving them “food” and a place to live. Native bees include bumblebees, mason bees and squash bees, mining bees and sweat bees. They pollinate many crops more completely and efficiently than honey bees. Did you know that tomato plants pollinated by bumblebees will have bigger fruits and pumpkins pollinated by squash bees produce larger pumpkins? 

How do you provide them a place to live? That’s pretty easy since 70% of native bees are ground nesters…all they need is a place to tunnel into the ground. The other 30% are wood nesters and need a snag or hollow stem to call home. If you don’t have any natural snags in your yard or nearby, you can drill holes (use multiple sizes, 3/32”-5/16” diameter) on the south sides of fence posts or logs. You can also buy pre-made bee houses with stacked hollow branches (often bamboo).

How do you provide them food? Many of the native bees emerge just as the pollen and nectar from their favorite crops are ready to be gathered. It’s important to have flowers blooming spring through fall, with a diversity of flowers rather than a single type. But plant in groups or masses if possible, not just one plant per type. Gathering the needed pollen, nectar (and sometimes mud) requires endless trips between flowers and the nest, so the closer the flowers are, the less energy the bees need to expend in flight. Native plant species will naturally attract local pollinators, but they are also attracted to vegetables, herbs, annuals and perennials, as well as flowering trees and shrubs. There are many published lists for plants that attract native bees, but here are a few: 
https://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/pest-control/plants-to-attract-beneficial-insects-zl0z1005zvau
http://coloradobeekeepers.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/plantlist_foldbrochure_print.pdf
https://honeybeenet.gsfc.nasa.gov/Honeybees/ForageRegion.php?StReg=CO_2
http://conps.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Low-Water-Native-Plants-for-Pollinators-brochure-6-8-15.pdf​

One last note to all of you who may be concerned about getting stung. Native bees are passive by nature and don’t usually sting unless squashed, pinched, or otherwise provoked. Be inspired to create a bee-utiful garden, and you will reap the benefits and help our native bees at the same time!

Taken from the 9/6/18 article by Andrew Wright (https://dirt.asla.org/2018/09/06/asla-launches-guide-to-climate-change-mitigation/)
Global climate change is the defining environmental issue of our time. From devastating wildfires to historic storms and rising seas, the effects are already being felt and will continue to get worse. According to NASA, sea levels could rise anywhere from 8 inches to 6.5 feet by 2100. Additional impacts include increased spread of diseases; extensive species extinction; mass human, animal, and plant migrations; and resource wars over dwindling food and water supplies. Furthermore, these impacts will disproportionately affect the world’s poorest and most vulnerable communities.
Sustained, meaningful commitments and actions to substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all sectors of our economy can help avoid the worst of these negative impacts. The benefits of these actions will be measured in lives saved and communities spared.
In 2015, the international community gathered in Paris, France, and agreed to a landmark cooperative framework for limiting global temperature rise to “well below” 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. In order to meet this goal, GHG emissions will need to peak by 2020 and fall to zero by 2050. This is an immense goal, but also achievable.
Landscape architects are helping to shift us to a carbon neutral future. Landscape architects plan and design dense, walkable communities that reduce emissions from transportation and sprawl. They make the built environment more energy and carbon efficient with strategies like green roofs, water-efficient design, and use of sustainable materials and construction practices. They defend and expand carbon-sequestering landscapes such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands, helping to drawdown atmospheric carbon dioxide. All of these efforts also enable communities to better adapt to climate change and improve their resilience.
The threats posed by climate change are immense, and there is no single strategy that will solve the climate crisis on its own. Instead, mitigation requires an “all hands on deck” approach as we seek to reduce GHG emissions wherever possible. Achieving a carbon neutral future will only come about through the cumulative effect of countless individual actions. Every one of those individual actions counts.
Global climate change is the defining environmental issue of our time. From devastating wildfires to historic storms and rising seas, the effects are already being felt and will continue to get worse. According to NASA, sea levels could rise anywhere from 8 inches to 6.5 feet by 2100. Additional impacts include increased spread of diseases; extensive species extinction; mass human, animal, and plant migrations; and resource wars over dwindling food and water supplies. Furthermore, these impacts will disproportionately affect the world’s poorest and most vulnerable communities.
Sustained, meaningful commitments and actions to substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all sectors of our economy can help avoid the worst of these negative impacts. The benefits of these actions will be measured in lives saved and communities spared.
In 2015, the international community gathered in Paris, France, and agreed to a landmark cooperative framework for limiting global temperature rise to “well below” 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. In order to meet this goal, GHG emissions will need to peak by 2020 and fall to zero by 2050. This is an immense goal, but also achievable.
Landscape architects are helping to shift us to a carbon neutral future. Landscape architects plan and design dense, walkable communities that reduce emissions from transportation and sprawl. They make the built environment more energy and carbon efficient with strategies like green roofs, water-efficient design, and use of sustainable materials and construction practices. They defend and expand carbon-sequestering landscapes such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands, helping to drawdown atmospheric carbon dioxide. All of these efforts also enable communities to better adapt to climate change and improve their resilience.
The threats posed by climate change are immense, and there is no single strategy that will solve the climate crisis on its own. Instead, mitigation requires an “all hands on deck” approach as we seek to reduce GHG emissions wherever possible. Achieving a carbon neutral future will only come about through the cumulative effect of countless individual actions. Every one of those individual actions counts.

Reprinted from The Humane Society, Janet Snyder/The HSUS

When your backyard buffet draws hooved wildlife
Deer conflicts in the garden can be easily avoided or minimized thanks to a variety of readily available solutions. There may not be a perfect answer, but we do have a good toolbox for you to work with. 
Tolerance is a good thingTolerance is needed when figuring out the best solution for your particular deer problems. Some damage is bound to happen where there are deer, but you can minimize the damage. Under mild browsing conditions, a good repellent may be all that's needed. Under heavy browsing conditions, you may need to limit your plants to the more deer-resistant varieties and use deer-proof fencing around your garden.
Adjust what you plantTake a look at is what is attracting the deer and where it is planted. Replace hard-hit flowers and other plants with more deer-resistant species. There are many deer-resistant annual and perennial flowers, ornamentals, and tree species to choose from. 
A deer's taste buds vary geographically and seasonally, and are affected by what alternative plants are available. Your local Cooperative Extension Service office can be an excellent source of information on what types of flowers and ornamentals deer usually avoid in your area. Deerfriendly.org gives state-by-state web links for this information. 
Good fences make good deer neighborsWhere deer browsing is a serious problem, the only completely effective way to protect crops or plants is with fencing. However, when deer are really hungry, they will jump fences up to eight feet high (some say even higher).
Where deer browsing is a serious problem, the only completely effective way to protect crops or plants is with fencing.
There are a variety of fencing options ranging from 8-foot woven wire fencing to electric fence garden kits to poly-tape (electrified nylon) fences, which are portable and good for more temporary use. The best type depends on how large an area you need to protect and for how long, so check with your local garden store or local Cooperative Extension agents before buying anything. The eight-foot-high woven wire fence stands out as the most effective deer barrier, and it lasts 20-plus years.
Electric fencesElectric fences can work very well for deterring deer, yet these provide more of a "psychological barrier" than a physical one. (Deer can jump over them, but the use of electric shock teaches deer to stay away.) They can be constructed in a variety of configurations (such as baited; single strand; 5, 7, or 9 wires pitched either horizontally or vertically) and are powered by high-voltage, low-amperage chargers that provide timed pulses of short duration.
To ensure that deer learn their lesson, some electric fences have a scented bait attachment which entices the deer to make contact with the fence—after which they receive a mild jolt to their nose or tongue. Aluminum foil squares containing a dab of peanut butter can provide the same "enhancement" when folded over single or multi-strand electric fences. 
Electric fences must be maintained with regular voltage checks and mowing so that overgrowth doesn't short out the lower wires.
Netting, chicken wire, and hardware cloth (wire mesh)"Buck rubs" are the damage caused by bucks rubbing against trees to remove the velvet from their antlers. Prevent buck rubs by wrapping trees with any commercial product sold for that purpose, or by placing cylinders of hardware cloth or corrugated plastic sleeves around the trunks.
To prevent browsing on young saplings, use small-scale, temporary fencing enclosures or individual tree "shelters" (plastic or hardware cloth cylinders) until they reach a height of four to five feet.
You can drape mesh netting over low-growing plants or vegetables that are likely to get eaten, or encapsulate them with protective netting, chicken wire, or hardware cloth. We have received reports of birds getting caught in the netting, so use it with caution or consider using hardware cloth instead. 
Repellents. A variety of repellent products, used singly or—better yet—in combination, can create a very effective multi-sensory deterrent to repel deer. Commercial repellents work by creating unpleasant tastes or odors, gastrointestinal discomfort, or a sense of pain (hot pepper or peppermint) when the active ingredient comes in contact with the eyes, nose, or mucous membranes.
Some of the more effective repellents contain a sulphurous odor (e.g., rotten eggs), believed to induce fear by giving off smells that deer associate with rotten meat or a predator. Some examples of popular repellents include Liquid Fence, Bobbex, and Deer Away® Big Game Repellent. Liquid Fence and Deer Away Big Game Repellent score consistently high in studies assessing repellent effectiveness. 
A variety of repellents is stocked at your local garden, farm supply, or hardware store. Ask which particular repellent seems to work best in your area. 
Tips for applying repellents

• All repellents work best if applied before the deer's feeding pattern becomes established. Apply repellents before bud-break and as new growth appears, to prevent a browsing habit from forming.
• Reapply repellents after heavy rains and at least every two to three weeks.
• Deer may become accustomed to the same repellent, so alternate repellents to keep the deer confused and more wary. At the height of growing season, use an odor repellent over a taste-based one. Taste-based repellents need to be constantly applied to any new growth to keep the whole plant tasting bad.
• Hang bars of soap that are high in fatty acid (e.g., Irish Spring brand) on trees or shrubs you want to protect. With any strategy, moving things around and switching types of products will help keep deer on their toes and make them wary.
• Predator urines make big promises but have scored poorly in studies. The source of predator urine products are fur farms, which raise wild animals for their pelts. The animals suffer from terrible, cramped conditions and die extremely inhumane deaths. For this reason alone, predator urine products should never be used.

Scare devicesThe key to using scare devices is to couple them with other strategies (repellents, for example), to vary the kind used, and to change their location in the yard or garden.

• The Scarecrow Motion-Activated Sprinkler attaches to a garden hose. When a deer comes into its adjustable, motion-detecting range, a sharp burst of water is sprayed at the animal. The combination of physical sensation and a startle effect provide effective aversive conditioning.
• The Havahart Spray-Away Elite Motion Detector is similar in action to the Scarecrow, yet is hose-free and solar powered. This device uses infra-red technology to detect animal movement
• The Havahart 5250 Electronic Deer Repellent consists of 3 stake-like devices and a scent lure. Deer are attracted to the lure and then receive a mild electric shock when they reach it.
• The Deer Shield Electronic Deer Guard is a device which emits varied digital recordings of alarmed and territorial deer, thereby using their own form of communication to inspire deer to go elsewhere.

A final word...Deer are curious and motivated by their need to eat, so they may test and retest the barriers and deterrents you use. You can stay a step ahead of them by changing what you apply so they don't get accustomed to any one strategy. With a little ingenuity and diligence, you will find it really is possible to live in deer country—and have your flowers and vegetables too.